Lead primarily affects which type of blood cells?

Lead primarily affects red blood cells because it interferes with the process of hemoglobin synthesis, which is crucial for the production of these cells. When lead is present in the body, it can lead to a decrease in hemoglobin and cause issues such as anemia, which is characterized by a reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen to tissues. The presence of lead disrupts the normal function of enzymes involved in hemoglobin production, resulting in impaired red blood cell formation and, consequently, lower red blood cell counts.

In the context of lead exposure, it is important to understand that while lead may have some effects on other components of the blood, such as potential impacts on white blood cells or the immune system, its most significant and well-documented effect is on red blood cells and their ability to transport oxygen efficiently. This insight is crucial for understanding the health implications of lead exposure and the symptoms that may manifest as a result.